Effects of a multi-professional approach on anthropometric variables and food profile of overweight or obese adolescents / Efeitos de uma abordagem multi-profissional sobre variáveis antropométricas e de perfil alimentar de adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade

INTRODUCTION: Investigating the of overweight or obese adolescents' nutritional quality is substantial to guide healthy eating strategiesOBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a multi-professional approach on anthropometric parameters, body composition, and the level of food processing in adolescentsMETHODS: Twelve overweight/obese male adolescents between 13-17 years old participated in a series of 12-week multi-professional interventions led by physical education, nutrition, and psychology professionals. The participants were assessed before the intervention as well as at 6 and 12 weeks. Anthropometric assessments were performed, including body weight, stature, and body mass index; body composition, with fat mass (FM), body fat (%BF), skeletal muscle mass, and resting metabolic rate (RMR), and by filling in a three-day food record, to assess the ingested foods by its level of processing: fresh, minimally processed, processed, and ultra-processedRESULTS: No differences were observed in anthropometric parameters performed at different stages (p>0.05). Reductions in FM and %BF and increases in SMM and RMR (p<0.05) were identified after, the 12-week intervention. There was an increase in the consumption of natural foods/g and increased the caloric consumption of processed foods/kcal after 12-week of intervention (p<0.05CONCLUSION: The model resulted in a decrease in fat mass and body fat percentage, an in skeletal muscle mass, resting metabolic rate, natural foods/g, and processed foods/kcal

INTRODUÇÃO: Investigar a qualidade nutricional de adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade é substancial para orientar estratégias de alimentação saudávelOBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de uma abordagem multiprofissional sobre os parâmetros antropométricos, de composição corporal e o nível de processamento de alimentos em adolescentesMÉTODO: Doze adolescentes do sexo masculino com sobrepeso/obesidade, entre 13-17 anos participaram de uma série de intervenções multiprofissionais ao longo de 12 semanas, que foram conduzidas por profissionais de educação física, nutricionistas e psicólogos. Os participantes foram avaliados antes da intervenção, após 6 e após 12 semanas. As avaliações antropométricas foram realizadas, incluindo o peso corporal, a estatura e o índice de massa corporal; para a composição corporal foram incluídas: a massa gorda (MG), percentual de gordura corporal (%G), massa muscular esquelética (MME) e taxa metabólica basal (TMB), bem como o preenchimento do registro alimentar de três dias, para avaliar os alimentos ingeridos, via nível de processamento: in natura, minimamente processado, processado e ultraprocessadoRESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros antropométricos realizados nas diferentes etapas (p>0,05). Reduções na MG e %G e aumentos na MME e TMB (p<0,05) foram identificados após 12 semanas de intervenção. Houve um aumento do consumo de alimentos in natura/g e aumento do consumo calórico de alimentos industrializados/kcal, após 12 semanas de intervenção (p<0,05CONCLUSÃO: O modelo proposto resultou em uma diminuição da massa gorda e percentual de gordura corporal, aumento da massa muscular esquelética, taxa metabólica basal, consumo de alimentos naturais/g e alimentos processados/kcal

Sports and Functional Training Improve a Subset of Obesity-Related Health Parameters in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To investigate the effects of two different modes of physical activity on body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses in female adolescents participating in a multi-disciplinary program. The 12-week randomized intervention included 25-adolescents with overweight divided into two groups: sports practice-SPG and functional training-FTG. The SPG intervention was divided into three sports: basketball, handball, and futsal. SPG participants performed one sport 3-times/week, over the course of 1 month. The FTG performed concurrent exercises 3-times/week. This study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry Platform under number: RBR-45ywtg and registered in Local Ethics Committee number: 2,505.200/2018. The intensity of physical exercises-PE was matched between groups by the rating of perceived exertion. The primary outcome was body composition, and secondary outcomes were physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk, and psychological responses. There was a significant time-effect for body mass, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), all being reduced. There were increases over time for musculoskeletal mass, aerobic fitness, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) (p < 0.05). There was a group time interaction with body fat percentage being lower post-intervention in the SPG (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for the other variables. Both physical activity models were effective in improving a subset of obesity-related health parameters. The findings should be extended by further investigation using more sophisticated measures of energy expenditure. Clinical Trial Registration: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/, identifier: RBR-45ywtg.

McConnell patellar taping on postural control of women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomized clinical trial / Taping Patelar de McConnell no controle postural de mulheres com síndrome da dor patelofemoral: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado

Abstract Introduction: The effects of McConnell patellar taping on the postural control of women with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) are controversial. Objective: To evaluate the effects of McConnell patellar taping on the static one-leg stance postural control and during squatting in women with PFPS. Method: A randomized, blinded clinical trial that comprised 40 women with PFPS, aged between 18 and 35 years. The study sample was allocated to two groups: McConnell patellar taping group (MPTG) and Placebo taping group (PTG). The analysis included the one-leg static support and squat on the lower limb with PFPS. The center of pressure (CoP) displacement parameters recorded by a force platform were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Cohen's d. Results: For the static postural control, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of time or interaction (p>0.05); with small effect size. For the postural control during the one-leg squat, significant differences were found regarding the time of intervention for both groups, with reduced CoP parameters after the application of taping. However, the MPTG demonstrated a large effect size in frequency of oscillation and medium effect size in speed of oscillation, both during the squat exercise. Conclusion: McConnell patellar taping and placebo taping improved postural control during the one-leg squat. It should be observed that the changes and effect sizes determined for the MPTG were significantly higher compared to the PTG, emphasizing its clinical importance in the treatment of individuals with PFPS, during dynamic activities.

Resumo Introdução: Os efeitos do taping patelar de McConnell (TPM) para o controle postural de mulheres com síndrome da dor patelofemoral (SDPF) são controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do TPM no controle postural estático unipodal e agachamento unipodal em mulheres com SDPF. Método: O estudo é um ensaio clínico randomizado-cego, que avaliou 40 mulheres com SDPF, e idade entre 18 e 35 anos. A amostra foi randomizada em dois grupos: grupo taping patelar de McConnell (GTPM) e grupo placebo (GP). Avaliou-se o controle postural em apoio estático e agachamento unipodal, no membro inferior com SDPF. O deslocamento do centro de pressão (CoP) foi registrado por plataforma de força, e analisado com os testes ANOVA two way e tamanho do efeito (Cohen's d). Resultados: O controle postural estático não apontou diferenças significativas entre os grupos, tempos ou interação (P> 0,05); com pequeno tamanho de efeito. O controle postural em agachamento unipodal apresentou menor oscilação do centro de pressão para os dois grupos, com diferenças significativas em relação ao tempo de intervenção. No entanto, somente o GTPM demonstrou grande tamanho de efeito na frequência de oscilação e médio tamanho de efeito na velocidade de oscilação, durante o agachamento unipodal. Conclusão: O TPM e o placebo melhoraram o controle postural durante o agachamento unipodal. Deve-se observar que as mudanças e os tamanhos de efeito determinados para o GTPM foram significativamente maiores em relação ao GP, enfatizando sua importância clínica no tratamento de indivíduos com SDPF, durante atividades dinâmicas.

Effects of Volume Training on Strength and Endurance of Back Muscles: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

CONTEXT: Strength/resistance training volume has historically been supported in the American College of Sports Medicine recommendations. However, for the back muscles, exercise prescription related to the number of sets, such as single versus multiple, is not well established in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 training volumes on strength and endurance of back-extensor muscles in untrained young participants with regard to a repeated-measures design. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Laboratory of functional evaluation and human motor performance. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four untrained young participants (mean age = 21 y) were randomized into single-set (n = 14), multiple-set (MSG, n = 15), and untrained control (n = 15) groups. INTERVENTION: The single-set group and MSG underwent a 10-week progressive resistance training program (2 d/wk) using a 45° Roman chair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Back maximal strength (dynamometer) and isometric and dynamic endurance (time limit, trunk extension-flexion cycles, and electromyography muscle fatigue estimates). RESULTS: The results showed differences between the MSG and control group for isometric endurance time (mean = 19.8 s; 95% confidence interval, -44.1 to 4.8), but without time intervention significance. Significant improvement after training (P < .05) was found predominantly during dynamic endurance (number of repetitions) for both the MSG (+61%) and single-set group (+26%) compared with preintervention, whereas the control group reported no benefit. There was no significant (P > .05) difference in either strength or electromyography estimates after training. CONCLUSIONS: Both multiple and single volume training were efficient in promoting better back endurance during dynamic performance based on mechanical variables (time and number of repetitions).

Effects of Holding an External Load on the Standing Balance of Older and Younger Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of holding an external load on the standing balance of younger and older adults with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS: Twenty participants with and 20 without CLBP participated in the study. Each group contained 10 younger (50% men) and 10 older adults (50% men). Participants were instructed to look straight ahead while standing on a force platform during two 120-second trials with and without holding an external load (10% of body mass). The center of pressure area, mean velocity, and mean frequency in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured. RESULTS: Older adults had worse standing balance than younger adults did (P < .001, d = 0.20). There were no significant balance differences between participants with and without CLBP within age groups during standing balance condition. However, holding the external load significantly increased postural instability for both age groups and CLBP status, with mean effect size across center of pressure variables of d = 0.82 for older participants without CLBP and d = 2.65 for younger participants without CLBP. These effects for people with CLBP were d = 1.65 for subgroup of older and d = 1.60 for subgroup of younger participants. CONCLUSION: Holding an external load of 10% of body mass increased postural instability of both younger and older adults with and without CLBP.

Comparação do nível de dor femoropatelar, atividade física e qualidade de vida entre adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino / Comparison of the level of patellofemoral pain, physical activity, and quality of life between female and male adolescents

OBJETIVOS: Comparar o nível da dor, o nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida de adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino com dor femoropatelar. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 46 adolescentes do sexo feminino e 46 adolescentes do sexo masculino entre 12 e 18 anos. Para serem incluídos no estudo os adolescentes precisavam referir dor no joelho de início insidioso, exacerbada em algumas atividades apresentadas e com no mínimo seis semanas de duração. Além disso, os adolescentes deveriam reportar pior dor ao longo da semana anterior de pelo menos 30 mm na Escala Visual Analógica e não poderiam apresentar sinais, sintomas ou alguma ocorrência de qualquer outra disfunção no joelho. Os participantes foram solicitados a marcarem na Escala Visual Analógica o nível de dor no joelho auto reportado do último mês. A avaliação do nível de atividade física foi realizada por meio da aplicação do Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity e para investigar a qualidade de vida dos participantes, a subescala de qualidade de vida do questionário Knee Outcome in Osteoarthritis Survey foi utilizada. O teste t-independente foi utilizado para identificar diferenças entre os grupos em relação ao nível de atividade física, qualidade de vida e dor no joelho. RESULTADOS: Pela Escala Visual Analógica os adolescentes do sexo masculino apresentaram nível de dor no joelho no mês anterior de 5,1±1,4 e as adolescentes do sexo feminino de 4,4±1,6 (p=0,029). O escore de atividade física foi de 8,8±1,3 para os adolescentes do sexo masculino e de 7,5±1,6 para as do sexo feminino (p<0,001). A subescala de qualidade de vida resultou em 77,9±19,0 para as meninas adolescentes e em 70,8±13,5 para os adolescentes do sexo masculino (p=0,042). CONCLUSÕES: Entre adolescentes com dor femoropatelar, os do sexo masculino apresentaram maior nível de dor no joelho, maior nível de atividade física e menor qualidade de vida em comparação com as adolescentes do sexo feminino.

AIMS: To compare the level of pain, physical activity, and quality of life of female and male adolescents with patellofemoral pain. METHODS: A total of 46 female adolescents and 46 male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from public and private schools in the town of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. To be included in the study, adolescents needed to report knee pain of insidious onset, exacerbated in some activities, and lasting for at least 6 weeks. In addition, adolescents should report worse pain over the previous week of at least 30 mm on the Visual Analog Scale and could not show signs, symptoms or any occurrence of any other knee dysfunction. The participants were requested to mark their self-reported knee pain in the last month on a Visual Analog Scale. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity and the quality of life subscale of the Knee Outcome in Osteoarthritis Survey questionnaire was used to investigate the participants' quality of life. The independent t-test was used to find differences between the groups regarding the level of physical activity, quality of life, and knee pain. RESULTS: According to the Visual Analog Scale, male adolescents presented a level of knee pain of 5.1±1.4 in the previous month and female adolescents, of 4.4±1.6 (p = 0.029). The physical activity score was 8.8±1.3 for male adolescents and 7.5±1.6 for female ones (p<0.001). The quality of life subscale scores were 77.9±19.0 for adolescent girls and 70.8±13.5 for male adolescents (p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents with patellofemoral pain, males had a higher level of knee pain, higher level of physical activity, and lower quality of life compared to female adolescents

Mcconnell's patellar taping does not alter knee and hip muscle activation differences during proprioceptive exercises: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of patellar taping on muscle activation of the knee and hip muscles in women with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome during five proprioceptive exercises. Forty sedentary women with syndrome were randomly allocated in two groups: Patellar Taping (based in McConnell) and Placebo (vertical taping on patella without any stretching of lateral structures of the knee). Volunteers performed five proprioceptive exercises randomly: Swing apparatus, Mini-trampoline, Bosu balance ball, Anteroposterior sway on a rectangular board and Mediolateral sway on a rectangular board. All exercises were performed in one-leg stance position with injured knee at flexion of 30° during 15s. Muscle activation was measured by surface electromyography across Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis and Gluteus medius muscles. Maximal voluntary contraction was performed for both hip and knee muscles in order to normalize electromyography signal relative to maximum effort during the exercises. ANOVA results reported no significant interaction (P>0.05) and no significant differences (P>0.05) between groups and intervention effects in all exercise conditions. Significant differences (P<0.01) were only reported between muscles, where hip presented higher activity than knee muscles. Patellar taping is not better than placebo for changes in the muscular activity of both hip and knee muscles during proprioceptive exercises. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02322515.

Five-week sensory motor training program improves functional performance and postural control in young male soccer players - A blind randomized clinical trial.

Sensory motor training programs are used in the rehabilitation and prevention of injuries among soccer players. Inconsistencies are found in the literature regarding the duration of the protocols and the exercises and equipment used. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of a five-week sensory motor training program on the functional performance and postural control of young soccer players. METHODS: The study sample comprised 22 young male soccer players who were evaluated using: the Figure-of-Eight Test (F8), Side Hop Test (SHT), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and a force platform. The players were randomly divided into a control group (N = 10), who continued their soccer practice sessions and an intervention group (N = 12), who continued their soccer practice sessions and were also enrolled in a supervised five-week sensory motor training program. RESULTS: After the five-week training program, the intervention group obtained significant results in the F8, SHT and SEBT, as well as in the following parameters: area of pressure of sway center (COP), mean velocity and mean frequency of COP. CONCLUSION: The five-week sensory motor training program, carried out with easily available and low cost equipment, was effective at improving functional performance and postural control in young soccer players.